

|
RIVER GUNBOATS OPERATING IN CHINA BETWEEN 1897 AND 1945
(Dates are formatted month/day/year or month/year)
BRITISH RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship. Note that the dates mentioned appear in U.S. format - month/day/year) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
FATE OF SHIP |
| WOODCOCK CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 150 tons, 148 ft. length x 24 ft.
beam x 2 ft. draught |
|
|
1897 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Woodcock and sistership first to Chungking in 1900.
Sold in 1928 after being replaced by Insect Class vessel (conflicting information
exists that she was sold in 1927). |
| HMS Woodlark |
Served on Yangtze. Woodlark and sistership first to Chungking in 1900.
Sold in 1931 (conflicting information exists that she was sold in Hong
Kong in 7/28). |
| ROBIN CLASS (4 ships): Dimensions - 85 tons, 108 ft. length x 20 ft. beam
x 2 ft. draught |
| HMS Nightingale |
1897 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Sold in Hong Kong 11/19/19. |
| HMS Robin |
Served on West River. Sold in Hong Kong in 9/29. Note that a second HMS
Robin was built in 1934. |
| HMS Sandpiper |
Served on West River. Sold in Hong Kong on 10/20/20. Note that a second
HMS Sandpiper was built in 1933. |
| HMS Snipe |
Served on Yangtze. Sold in Hong Kong on 11/20/19 (but still listed in Jane's
as late as 1921?). |
| KINSHA (only ship): Dimensions - 616 tons, 192 ft. length x 30 ft. beam
x 7 ft. draught |
| HMS Kinsha * |
1900 * |
 |
Built as passenger/cargo ship for upper Yangtze service. Purchased by Royal
Navy in 1900. Served on Yangtze as flagship. Sold in Shanghai on 4/4/21
to become cargo ship on Yangtze. |
| TEAL CLASS (3 ships): Dimensions - 180 tons, 165 ft. length x 24½ ft. beam x 2 ft. draught |
| HMS Teal |
1901
1901
1904 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Sold in Shanghai in 10/31. |
| HMS Moorhen |
Served on West River. Sold for scrap in Hong Kong in 8/33. |
| HMS Widgeon |
Served on Yangtze. Sold in Shanghai in 10/31. |
| INSECT CLASS (12 ships): Dimensions - 625 tons, 267½ ft. length x 36 ft. beam x 4½ ft. draught |
| HMS Aphis |
1915/16 |

WWI

China

WWII
|
Survived WWII and scrapped 1/47 at Singapore. |
| HMS Bee * |
Scrapped 3/39 in China. |
| HMS Cicala |
Crippled 12/21/41 and scuttled vicinity of Hong Kong. |
| HMS Cockchafer |
Survived WWII and scrapped 1/47 at Singapore. |
| HMS Cricket |
Damaged by aircraft 6/41 vic. Tobruk - beached at Port Said. Reportedly
scrapped in 1944, but this is clearly incorrect as in 1944 she was towed
to Cyprus and used for RAF target practice. Sunk that year. Wreck still exists one mile off Cyprus. |
| HMS Glowworm * |
Scrapped in Malta in 9/28 - never sent to China. |
| HMS Gnat |
Torpedoed 10/21/41 vic. Tobruk - beached vic. of Suez. Scrapped in 1944. |
| HMS Ladybird |
Sunk 5/12/41 in Tobruk harbor. Deck still above water anti-aircraft guns
used by Royal Army. |
| HMS Mantis |
Broken up 1/20/40 in Shanghai. Conflicting reports she was still intact
when Japanese declared war. |
| HMS Moth |
Scuttled 12/12/41 Hong Kong - salvaged 7/1/42 as IJN Suma - sunk on Yangtze
3/19/45 by US laid mine near Nanking. |
| HMS Scarab |
Survived WWII and scrapped 5/48 (vic. of Rangoon). The last surviving Insect
Class vessel. |
| HMS Tarantula |
"Hulked" in 1941 and sunk for target practice 5/1/46. Ship has
been mentioned as flagship of West River. |
| TERN CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 262 tons, 167½ ft. length x 27 ft. beam x 5 ft. draught |
| HMS Seamew |
1927/28
1927/28 |
 |
Served on West River. Sailed to Persian Gulf from China in 1940 and scrapped
at Basra on 8/18/47. |
| HMS Tern |
Served on Yangtze. Scuttled vicinity of Hong Kong 12/19/41. |
| GANNET CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 310 tons, 185 ft. length x 29 ft.
beam x 3 ft. draught |
| HMS Gannet |
1927
1927 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Presented to Chinese vicinity of Chungking on 2/42 -
renamed Ying Shan. |
| HMS Peterel |
Served on Yangtze. Sunk in Shanghai on 12/8/41 by Japanese forces. (See:
Sinking of HMS Petrel) |
| FALCON (only ship): Dimensions - 372 tons, 150 ft. length x 29 ft. beam x 5 ft. draught |
| HMS Falcon |
1931 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Presented to Chinese vicinity of Chungking 2/1942 -
renamed Ying Teh. |
| SANDPIPER (only ship): Dimensions - 185 tons, 160 ft. length x 31 ft. beam
x 2 ft. draught |
| HMS Sandpiper |
1933 |
 |
Served on Yangtze but majority of service at Changsha (vic. Tung Ting Lakes
off Yangtze). Specifically built for this shallow water service. Presented
to Chinese vicinity of Changsha 2/1942 - renamed Ying Hao. Note that an
earlier HMS Sandpiper was built in 1897. |
| ROBIN (only ship): Dimensions - 226 tons, 156 ft. length x 26 ft. beam
x 3 ft. draught |
| HMS Robin |
1934 |
 |
Served West River. Scuttled on 12/25/41 at Hong Kong during Japanese invasion.
Note that an earlier HMS Robin was built in 1897. |
| SCORPION (only ship): Dimensions - 670 tons, 209 ft. length x 35 ft. beam
x 5 ft. draught |
| HMS Scorpion * |
1937 |
 |
Sailed from UK to China to take place as Yangtze river flagship. Never
able to sail far up Yangtze due to booms erected by Chinese to inhibit
Japanese invasion forces progressing up Yangtze. Sailed for Singapore as
Japanese entered WWII. Sunk 2/13/42 at Banka Straits vic. Singapore by
Japanese destroyer. |
| LOCUST CLASS (4 ships): Dimensions - 585 tons, 197 ft. length x 33 ft.
beam x 5 ft. draught |
| HMS Dragonfly |
1938
1939
1939
1939 |
 |
Sailed from UK to China and reached at least Hong Kong (reports of her
being seen on Yangtze). As Japanese entered WWII sailed to Singapore. Sunk
2/14/42 south of Singapore by Japanese forces. Wreck reportedly still exists. |
| HMS Grasshopper |
Sailed from UK to China and reached at least Hong Kong (reports of her
being seen on Yangtze). As Japanese entered WWII sailed to Singapore. Sunk
2/14/42 south of Singapore by Japanese forces. Partial wreck reportedly
still exists. |
| HMS Locust * |
Never sailed to China as needed for UK coastal defense upon commencement
of WWII. Survived WWII despite participating in Dunkirk and Normandy invasions.
Following war used as training vessel. Scrapped 5/21/68 in Newport. |
| HMS Mosquito * |
Never sailed to China as needed for UK coastal defense upon commencement
of WWII. Sunk off Dunkirk by aircraft on 6/1/40. Sistership HMS Locust
conducted demolition of Mosquito's hulk. |
| * - ships which may have been manufactured for China duty but, for various
reasons, never served there. |
| * - flagships carrying the Rear Admiral on the Yangtze (aka "RAY"
ships). |
| * - HMS Kinsha was purchased in 1900 after successfully serving as a passenger/cargo
ship on the Yangtze. I am unaware of her actual date of manufacture but
I suspect it was between 1895 and 1899. HMS Kinsha was significantly more
hospitable than the Woodcock or Woodlark, hence the reason a purchased
vessel was made the British flagship despite the fact Royal Navy vessels
were already functioning in the same area. |
UNITED STATES RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
The United States had a number of ships that served in relation to the
Yangtze Patrol in China, but only those seen further below can be considered
river gunboats capable of upper Yangtze service. US gunboats with drafts
too deep for upper Yangtze service include: USS Ashville (1918), USS Elcano (commissioned 1902), USS General Alava (captured by US 1898), USS Helena (1897), USS Isabel (1917), USS Pampanga (commissioned 1900), USS Quiros (purchased 1900) , USS Sacramento (1914), USS Villalobos (transferred to US Navy 1900) and USS Wilmington (1895).
As WWII loomed for the United States many of the gunboats seen below were
withdrawn to the Philippines. The best site on US Yangtze gunboats is US Yangtze Patrol and South China Patrol. Another excellent resource is NavSource.org. |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| PALOS CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 204 tons, 165½ ft. length x 2½ ft. draught |
| USS Monocacy |
1914 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Decommissioned and sunk by US Navy off Shanghai 2/10/39. |
| USS Palos |
Served on Yangtze. Sailed up Yangtze as far as Kiating (near Chengdu, sometimes
Chengtu) in 1921. Permanent station ship Chungking 1934-37. Sold to Mung
Sun Industrial Co. at Chungking in 1937. |
| TUTUILA CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 395 tons, 159½ ft. length x 5¼ ft. draught |
| USS Wake (USS Guam) |
1927 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. USS Guam was renamed USS Wake 4/5/41 and later surrendered
to Japanese forces 12/8/41 (12/7?) at Shanghai. Renamed HIJMS Tatara. Survived
WWII and recovered by US in 1945. In 1946 she was presented to the Chinese
who renamed her RCS Tai Yuan (later captured by Chinese communist forces
in 1949). |
| USS Tutuila |
Served on Yangtze. Presented to Chinese 2/16/1942 at Chungking and renamed
Mei Yuan (or "American Origin"). |
| LUZON CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 500 tons, 211 ft. length x 6½ ft. draught |
| USS Luzon |
1927 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Moved to Philippines shortly before US entrance into
WWII. Scuttled 5/6/42 off Corregidor. Raised by Japanese and renamed Karatzu
(sometimes "Karatsu"). Reported sunk 3/3/44 by USS Narwhal (submarine)
off Philippines. Probably just heavily damaged. Later used by Japanese
in unsuccessful attempt to evacuate forces from Philippines. Scuttled by
Japanese 2/3/45 in Manila as blockship. |
| USS Mindanao |
Served in Canton/West River. Moved to Philippines shortly before US entrance into WWII. Damaged 4/6/42 in battle at Manila Bay (Philippines). Scuttled 5/3/42 at Manila as blockship. |
| PANAY CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 450 tons, 191 ft. length x 5½ ft. draught |
| USS Oahu |
1927 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Rescued survivors of Panay Incident (12/12/37) north
of Nanking. Moved to Philippines shortly before US entrance into WWII.
Scuttled 5/6/42 off Corregidor. |
| USS Panay |
Served on Yangtze. As Japan began the conquest of China in the Yangtze
area, the Panay was "mistakenly" sunk by Japanese aircraft on
12/12/37 near Nanking. |
FRENCH RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
The French gunboat Olry was the first French vessel to reach Chungking
in November of 1901. Olry was instrumental in charting of the upper Yangtze
and she went on past Chungking into untraveled regions of the Yangtze as
far as Iping.
After WWII commenced, I can only assume French gunboats in China were forced to act on the side of the Axis. For an excellent site about French gunboats in China I would highly recommend Les Canonnieres Fluviales en Chine. (NOTE: The site is in French and a translated version can be viewed using
the Google translation service here. (In the translated version the photographs CANNOT be
viewed). |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| ARGUS CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 130 tons, 44.2 m. length x .61 m. draught |
| Argus |
1900 |
 |
These ships were built by Thornycroft (UK) for the French (on HMS Woodcock
plans). They were assembled in Hong Kong for Yangtze service but the sea
journey to Shanghai was later deemed to be too dangerous. Both ships therefore
served on the West River (and Canton) until 1914 when they were disarmed.
Sold in Saigon 2/5/1919 (conflicting reports they were sold in Hong Kong
same year). |
| Vigilante (sometimes Vigilant) |
| OLRY (only ship): Dimensions - 165 tons, 35 m. length x 1.06 m. draught |
| Olry |
1901 |
 |
Served on Yangtse, mainly upper river. On 11/12/01 was the first French
navy vessel to reach Chungking. Boiler explosion in 1909 forced her to
return to Shanghai for repairs. Disarmed 12/1/09. Sold in Shanghai 7/1/10. |
| TAKIANG (only ship): Dimensions - 13.7 m. length x .63 m. draught |
| Takiang (sometimes Ta Kiang) |
1901 |
? |
Served on Yangtse. Managed to reach Chungking 12/27/01 with difficulty
after receiving boiler damage during trip. Repaired. Continued upriver
to Iping. Hull corroded and damaged, replaced 1904-05 at (Chungking?) and
relaunched. By 1906, found unable to undertake upper river service after
repairs. Moored and repaired, but by 1907 boilers declared unacceptable.
Machinery removed and hull sold vicinity Chungking. |
| PEI HO (only ship): Dimensions - 123 tons, 31.4 m. length x 2 m. draught |
| Pei Ho (sometimes Peiho) |
1901 |
? |
Formerly tug boat "Lieutenant-Contal". Moved from Saigon and
armed. Stationed vicinity of Tientsin (northern China coast near Peking
and Peiho River). Never served on Yangtze or West River. Sold 11/15/22
at Tientsin. |
| DOUDART DE LAGREE CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 240 tons, 53 m. length
x 1 m. draught |
| Doudart de Lagree |
1909
1922 |

 |
Assigned to Yangtze/upper Yangtze. Returned to Shanghai and disarmed in
1939. Removed from French navy roles on 6/27/49 and presented to Chinese.
Unknown by what name she may have entered Chinese service (if she ever
did). |
| Balny |
Assigned to Yangtze/upper Yangtze. Originally launched in 1914 in France, her engines were removed and used for other purposes. Shipped to Shanghai and reassembled in 1922. Disarmed 9/18/40 at Chungking. In 1941 she was presented to China and renamed Fa Ku. Note that the Balny was ultimately constructed with two funnels, unlike her sister Doudart de Lagree. |
| LA GRANDIERE (only ship): Dimensions - 45 tons, 29 m. length x .5 m. draught |
| La Grandiere |
1921 |
? |
Assigned to Yangtze. Disarmed in Shanghai in 8/37. Grandiere had a significant
flaw in that she only had one engine and one propeller. Mostly served as
tender to Balny and Doudart de Lagree, generally on the lower Yangtze as
upper Yangtze service was very difficult. |
| VIGILANTE CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 200 tons, 51.8 m. length x 1.2
m. draught |
| Argus |
1922 |
 |
Assigned to West River/Canton. Disarmed 1940. Decommissioned in 1941. Presented
to China in 1941 and renamed San-Min. |
| Vigilante (sometimes Vigilant) |
Assigned to West River/Canton service but it is not clear that she served
there. In 1930 she was on the Red River in Vietnam. Damaged by air attack
1944. Scuttled 3/9/45 at Haiphong (Vietnam). Refloated as trading vessel
in 1946. |
| ALERTE (only ship): Dimensions - 310 tons, ? m. length x 2.4 m. draught |
| Alerte (sometimes Alarm) |
1926 |
? |
Really a sloop, served on Yangtze 1926-28 and 1929-30. Draught too deep
to proceed beyond Ichang. Fate unknown. |
| FRANCIS-GARNIER (only ship): Dimensions - 732 tons, 59.3 m. length x 1.7
m. draught |
| Francis-Garnier |
1929 |
 |
Assigned to Yangtze/upper Yangtze. She had been built to navigate the entire
Yangtze but, at 639 tons, upper Yangtze service could only be undertaken
at high water. Re-assigned to Haiphong (Vietnam) 10/4/41. Scuttled 3/9/45
after Japanese air attack at Kratie (spelling?) - Indo-China. |
GERMAN RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
Of the German gunboats in China during the relevant period, four were very large (900 to 1,100 tons) and I have doubts they could have traversed anything other than the lower waterways (but I have seen it stated that they could). These ships, Iltis II (1899-1914), SMS Jaguar (1899-1914), SMS Tiger (1899-1914) and SMS Luchs (1900-1914) were built in 1898-99. SMS Iltis II and SMS Jaguar were sisters
and SMS Tiger and SMS Luchs were sisters. It should be noted that the Jaguar
was assigned to the lower West River and she has been reported as appearing
on the lower Yangtze. All of these ships were eventually blown up or scuttled
in 1914. Note: Two earlier heavy gunboats that deserve mention were in
China: SMS Iltis (1880-1886 - sunk in storm) and SMS Wolf (1879-1894).
At the outbreak of WWI, the Japanese attacked German interests at Tsingtau
(the main German holding on the northern coast of China). Many of the ships
mentioned here fought in defense of that attack and others were scuttled
to avoid capture on their way there. Germany lost all their holdings in
China as a result of WWI.
An excellent site, which includes photographs and information on these
vessels, is Deutsches Kreuzergeschwader Ostasien. (For a somewhat mangled Google translation of the site from German into
English click here. Note: Although this makes it easier to read the facts associated with
a ship it does terrible things to ship names - e.g. "SMS Vorwarts"
becomes "SMS Forward" - the English translation of the word Vorwarts.)
Another excellent site is Geschichte und Kreigsschiffe der Kaiserlichen.
NOTE: I was recently contacted by Stellan Bojerud who provided significant
assistance in presenting the information appearing below. |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| VORWARTS (only ship): Dimensions - 406 tons (max), 47.7 m. length x 7.5
m. beam x 2.2 m. draught |
| SMS Vorwarts (sometimes SMS Voerwaerts or SMS Vorwaerts) |
1899 |
 |
Originally built as passenger ship, SS Woochow, serving on Peiho River
(Tongku to Tientsin). Purchased by German Navy and started gunboat service
on Yangtze 3/19/1901. Decommissioned June 18, 1910 and replaced by SMS
Otter. Sold 1911 to become passenger steamer. Crew of 36. |
| VATERLAND CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 280 tons (max), 50.1 m. length
x 8 m. beam x .94 m. draught |
| SMS Vaterland |
1903
1904
|
 |
Launched 8/26/1903. Transported to China and re-assembled in Shanghai.
Commissioned 5/28/1904. Wildly conflicting reports as to service and fate.
First Account: Assigned to Yangtze. Laid up Shanghai 8/2/1914 and sold
to "private company" to shield from Chinese capture. Renamed
Landesvater. Captured anyway by Chinese 3/20/1917. Transferred 1920 to
Amur flotilla and renamed Li Sui. Joined Manchukuo navy Shanghai 1932.
Taken over by Japanese and renamed Ji Sui. Rebuilt increasing displacement
to 350 tons. Decommissioned 1942. Second Account: Returned to Hamburg in
1943 and ended up on Elbe River. Received damage from aerial bombing and
later (1952) turned into lodging for yacht club. Renamed Batavia. Batavia
exists today and, if it is her, modifications to the ship would be extreme.
Second account is undoubtedly false. |
| SMS Tsingtau (sometimes SMS Tsingtao) |
Launched 4/18/1904. Transported to China and re-assembled at Hong Kong.
Operated on West River. Laid up 8/2/1914 at Canton with skeleton crew for
maintenance. Scuttled 3/21/1917 on deep water Island of Schamien near Canton
to avoid capture by Chinese. Attempts to salvage unsuccessful. |
| OTTER (only ship): Dimensions - 314 tons (max), 54.1 m. length x 8.65 m.
beam x .98 m. draught |
| SMS Otter |
1909 |
 |
Launched 7/15/1909. Transported to China and re-assembled Shanghai. Commissioned
2/28/1910. Served on Yangtze. Laid up at Nanking on 8/2/1914 with skeleton
crew. Sold 8/18/1914 to "private company" to shield from capture
by Chinese. Renamed Munchen. Seized by Chinese on 3/20/1917. Renamed Li
Chieh (sometimes Li Tsieh). Transferred to Amur flotilla. Sunk by Soviet
aircraft 10/16/1929 on Sungai River. Broken up in 1932. |
ITALIAN RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| SEBASTIANO CABOTO (only ship): Dimensions - 197 ft. length x .9.17 ft.
draught |
| Sebastiano Caboto |
1913 |
 |
Most likely served on the Yangtze. Captured at Rhodes by Germans 9/12/43? |
| ERMANNO CARLOTTO (only ship): Dimensions - 180 tons, 48.8 m. length x .7
m. draught |
| Ermanno Carlotto |
1921 |
 |
Some Yangtze service. Stationed Tientsin? Carlotto fought under Italian
command until Italian surrender on 9/8/43. Scuttled 9/9/43 vic. of Shanghai
to avoid Japanese capture. Salvaged by Japanese, she was commissioned 10/15/43
as IJN Narumi. Surrendered in 1945, she was presented to China and renamed
Kiang Kun. |
| LEPANTO (only ship): Dimensions - 700 tons, 66 m. length x 2.59 m. draught |
| Lepanto |
1927 |
 |
Some Yangtze service. Stationed Tientsin? Lepanto fought under Italian
command until Italian surrender on 9/8/43. On 9/9/43 she was scuttled vic.
of Shanghai to avoid Japanese capture. Salvaged by Japanese. Renamed IJN
Okitsu, she was surrendered in 1945 and presented to China. Renamed Siang
Ning, she was finally decommissioned in 1956. |
PORTUGUESE RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
| I am fairly certain that the Macau was the only Portuguese river gunboat
ever to serve in China. Portugal only ever had a handful of river gunboats
such as the Rio Minho (1904 - paddle-wheel - on river Minho, Spain/Portugal?),
Flecha (sometimes Flexon - 1909) and Tete (1918). |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| MACAU (only ship): Dimensions - 130 tons, 36.5 m. length x .6 ft. draught |
| Macau |
1909 |
 |
Built in UK by Yarrow. Sold by Portugal to Japanese 8/43. Renamed Maiko.
In Canton at end of WWII. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Wu Feng
(sometimes Wu Fang - she may have been a forerunner of UK Fly Class gunboats).
An excellent article on the Portuguese gunboat Macau can be found here. Photograph seen here is Macau as the Japanese ship HIJMS Maiko. |
JAPANESE RIVER GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Grouped by sister ship)
|
| Note: Some of the gunboats that the Japanese built might more easily be
classified as small destroyers. I am unsure as to whether many of their
vessels could fully navigate the Yangtze or West River, but they could
certainly travel some way up either. I have discovered two sites regarding
Japanese gunboats which can be found here, here and here. (These are Japanese sites and if you want to see a somewhat mangled english
translation of them both you can view in Google translated format here and here. Note: Translation makes it possible to glean an understanding of ship
facts but it makes a mess of ship names - i.e. if the name of the ship
has an english translation you end up with ships named things like "HIJMS
Corner Rice Field" etc.) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| UJI (only ship): Dimensions - 620 tons, 55 m. length x 2.1 m. draught |
| HIJMS Uji (sometimes HIJMS Uzi) |
1903 |
 |
Served in China but not necessarily on rivers (China coast and Manchuria?).
Ended service in August of 1936. In 1939 a second ship of the same name
was built. |
| SUMIDA (only ship): Dimensions - 105 tons, 44.2 m. length x .61 m. draught |
| HIJMS Sumida |
1903 |
 |
Built in UK. Reassembly completed in China 1905. Served on Yangtze. Broken
up in Shanghai 3/35. Sumida and Husimi (see immediately below) were not
sister ships. They were replaced by the two ships seen further below of
the same names which were sister ships. |
| HUSIMI (only ship): Dimensions - 150 tons, 48.77 m. length x .69 m. draught |
| HIJMS Husimi (sometimes HIJMS Fushimi) |
1903 |
 |
Built in UK. Reassembly completed in Shanghai 1906. Served on Yangtze and
first reached Chungking in 1911. Service ended 3/35. Husimi and Sumida
(see immediately above) were not sister ships. They were replaced by the
two ships seen further below of the same names which were sister ships. |
| TOBA (only ship): Dimensions - 215 tons 54.86 m. length x .8 m. draught |
| HIJMS Toba |
1911 |
 |
Served on Yangtze (at least during WWII). Built at Sasebo shipyard (Japan). Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Yang Chi. |
| SAGA (only ship): Dimensions - 785 tons, 64.01 m. length x 2.31 m. draught |
| HIJMS Saga |
1912 |
 |
Built at Sasebo shipyard (Japan) in 1912. May have been on lower Yangtze
in early service but moved to Canton and then Hong Kong. Sunk 9/26/44 by
mine, vicinity of Hong Kong. Salvaged and brought into Hong Kong for significant
repairs. While under repair sunk again 1/22/45 by US aircraft. At 785 tons
and almost 10 foot draft, I think the Saga was probably closer to a destroyer
than river gunboat. |
| ATAKA (only ship): Dimensions - 956 tons, 71.7 m. length x 2.29 m. draught |
| HIJMS Ataka (sometimes Adaki?) |
1921 |
 |
Served on Yangtze as flagship. Was renamed during building. Had a design
flaw as center of gravity was too high. Partly corrected with ballast (hence
956 tons). Presented to China in 1945 and renamed An Tung. |
| SETA CLASS (4 ships): Dimensions - 305 tons, 54.86 m. length x 1.02 m.
draught |
| HIJMS Katada (sometimes HIJMS Katata) |
1922
1923 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Built in Japan and reassembled in Shanghai. Damaged
12./11/44 by bombardment (possibly sunk and salvaged?). Towed to Shanghai.
Damaged 4/2/45 at Shanghai by US aircraft. Decommissioned 1945. |
| HIJMS Seta |
Served on Yangtze. Built in Japan reassembled in Shanghai. Damaged on Yangtze
6/6/45. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Chang Teh. |
| HIJMS Honzu (sometimes HIJMS Hodzu, HIJMS Hozu or HIJMS Hudu) |
Served on Yangtze. Built at Kobe (Japan) and reassembled in Hankow. Ran
aground 11/26/45 (near Nanking?) and damaged by Chinese aircraft. Decommissioned
1945. |
| HIJMS Hira |
Served on Yangtze. Built in Kobe (Japan) and reassembled in Hankow. Sunk?/damaged?
11/26/44 by Chinese aircraft (near Nanking?). Was in Shanghai at end WWII
with damage (possibly broken up at that time). |
| ATAMI CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 223 tons, 45.3 m. length x 1.13 m.
draught |
| HIJMS Atami |
1929 |
 |
Served on Yangtze. Damaged by Chinese aircraft off Tung Ting Lake (Yangtze)
6/10/43. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Yung Ping. Sister ship
of Futami. Either she, or her sister ship, can be seen in trouble here. |
| HIJMS Futami (sometimes HIJMS Hu Tami or HIJMS Hutami) |
Service unclear but probably Yangtze. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed
the Yung An. Either she, or her sister ship, can be seen in trouble here. |
| KOTAKA (only ship): Dimensions - 98½ ft. length x 2 ft. draught |
| HIJMS Kotaka |
1930 |
 |
Probably assigned to Yangtze. |
| HUSIMI CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 350 tons, 48.5 m. length x 1.2 m.
draught |
| HIJMS Sumida |
1939 |
 |
Damaged on Yangtze (near Nanking?) 11/29/44 by Chinese aircraft. Towed
to Shanghai. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Kiang Si. |
| HIJMS Husimi (sometimes HIJMS Husumi or HIJMS Fushimi) |
Damaged/sunk on the Yangtze (near Nanking?) on 11/29/44 by Chinese aircraft.
Towed to Shanghai. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Nan Chang. |
| HASHIDATE CLASS (2 ships): Dimensions - 1,110 tons, 78 m. length x 2.45
m. draught |
| HIJMS Uji (sometimes HIJMS Uzi) |
1939
1940 |
 |
Damaged on Yangtse by mine 4/10/45. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed
Chang Chi. |
| HIJMS Hashidate (sometimes HIJMS Hasidate) |
Unclear whether she spent any significant time on China rivers but did
operate off China coast. Sunk 5/22/44 off Oratas Island by USS Picuda (submarine). |
JAPANESE SALVAGED/CAPTURED GUNBOATS IN CHINA FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(See original ship listings above for more information) |
| Japanese sites relating to these ships can be found here and here. (Garbled translations of these two sites can be found here and here.) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
PHOTOGRAPH |
REMARKS |
| OKITSU (only ship): Dimensions - 700 tons, 66 m. length x 2.59 m. draught |
HIJMS Okitsu
(sometimes HIJMS Okitu) |
1927 |
 |
Formerly Italian gunboat Lepanto which was scuttled 9/9/43 near Shanghai
to avoid Japanese capture. Salvaged by Japanese and used as minelayer.
Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Siang Ning. Photo (left) may be
from Japanese service. |
| NARUMI (only ship): Dimensions - 180 tons, 48.8 m. length x .7 m. draught |
| HIJMS Narumi |
1921 |
 |
Formerly Italian gunboat Ermanno Carlotto which was scuttled 9/9/43 near
Shanghai to avoid Japanese capture. Salvaged by Japanese. Presented to
China in 1945 and renamed Kiang Kun. Photo (left) may be from Japanese
service. |
| MAIKO (only ship): Dimensions - 130 tons, 36.5 m. length x .6 m. draught |
| HIJMS Maiko |
1909 |
 |
Formerly Portuguese gunboat Macau which was sold by Portugal to Japan 8/43.
At Canton at end of WWII. Presented to China in 1945 and renamed Wu Feng.
Photo (left) from Japanese service. |
| TATARA (only ship): Dimensions - 395 tons, 159½ ft. length x 5¼ ft. draught |
| HIJMS Tatara |
1927 |
 |
Formerly USS Wake (formerly USS Guam). Captured by Japanese in Shanghai at time of Pearl Harbor attack. Survived WWII and recovered by US in 1945. In 1946 she was presented to the Chinese who renamed her RCS Tai Yuan (later captured by Chinese communist forces in 1949). |
| KARATZU (only ship): Dimensions - 500 tons, 211 ft. length x 6½ ft. draught |
| HIJMS Karatzu (sometimes HIJMS Karatsu or HIJMS Karatu) |
1927 |
 |
Formerly USS Luzon which had been scuttled 5/6/42 off Corregidor. Salvaged
by Japanese. Probably never returned to China and used by Japanese as anti-submarine
coastal defense vessel. Reported sunk 3/3/44 by USS Narwhal (submarine)
off Philippines. Probably just heavily damaged. Later used by Japanese
in unsuccessful attempt to evacuate forces from Philippines. Scuttled by
Japanese 2/3/45 in Manila as blockship. Photo (left) from Japanese service. |
| SUMA (only ship): Dimensions - 625 tons, 267½ ft. length x 36 ft. beam x 4½ ft. draught |
| HIJMS Suma |
1916 |
 |
Formerly HMS Moth which had been scuttled 12/12/41 Hong Kong to avoid Japanese
capture. Salvaged 7/1/42 by Japanese and after some service in Hong Kong,
moved to Yangtze. Sunk on Yangtze 3/19/45 by US laid mine near Nanking.
Photo (left) from Japanese service. |
| ASUGA (only ship): Dimensions - ? ft. length x ? ft. draught |
| HIJMS Asuga |
? |
? |
Formerly the Chinese gunboat Yung Chi, which again became the Yung Chi in 1945 when she was handed back by the Japanese. |
| ATADA (only ship): Dimensions - ? ft. length x ? ft. draught |
| HIJMS Atada |
? |
? |
Formerly Chinese gunboat Yat Sen. Returned to China in 1946. |
CHINESE RIVER GUNBOATS FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by date of manufacture and grouped by sister ship) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
LENGTH |
DEPTH |
REMARKS |
| Kiang Yuan (sometimes Chiang Yuan) |
1905 |
180 |
7 |
550 tons. |
| Chu Tung |
1906
1907
1907 |
200 |
8 |
These three sisters were 740 tons and had an 8 foot draft. I highly suspect
they served in China , but I have doubts as to whether they visited the
upper rivers. |
| Chu Kwan |
| Chu Chien |
| Chiang Hsi |
1911
1912 |
146 |
3 |
Sunk 8/24/41.140 tons. |
| Chiang Kun |
Sunk 8/24/41.140 tons. |
| Yung Sui |
1915 |
215.5 |
11.5 |
At 860 tons, I think the draft of this vessel really takes her out of the
river gunboat category. |
| Chieng Chung |
1915 |
110 |
3 |
Paid off 1931. 90 tons. |
| Yung An |
Paid off 1931. 90 tons. |
| Kung Chen |
Sunk October 1938. 90 tons. |
| Hai Yen |
1917 |
165 |
2.66 |
Sunk 7/29/37. 56 tons. |
| Hai Bung (sometimes Hai Peng) |
1916-17 |
108 |
6.6 |
227 tons. |
| Hai Ou |
227 tons. |
| Hai Hung |
1917 |
112 |
6.75 |
190 tons. |
| Hau Ku |
190 tons. |
| Hai Ho |
1916-17 |
105 |
7 |
166 tons. |
| Hai Fu |
166 tons. |
| Ming Chuen |
1929 |
196.75 |
6 |
550 tons. |
| Wei Ning |
1933
1934 |
140 |
6 |
300 tons. |
| Yi Ning |
300 tons. |
CHINESE RIVER GUNBOATS CAPTURED, SALVAGED OR RECEIVED FROM OTHER NATIONS
FROM 1897 THROUGH 1945
(Listed by nation of ship's origin) |
| SHIP NAME |
DATE
BUILT |
DATE OBTAINED |
REMARKS |
| Ying Shan |
1927 |
2/42 |
Ex-HMS Gannet |
| Ying Teh |
1931 |
2/42 |
Ex-HMS Falcon |
| Ying Hao |
1933 |
2/42 |
Ex-HMS Sandpiper |
| Tai Yuan |
1927 |
1946 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Tatara, ex-USS Wake, Ex-USS Guam |
| Mei Yuan |
1927 |
2/16/42 |
Ex-USS Tutuila |
| Fa Ku |
1922 |
1941 |
Ex-French gunboat Balny (conflicting reports she is ex-French gunboat Doudart
de Lagree). |
| San Min |
1922 |
1941 |
Ex-French gunboat Argus |
| Kiang Kun |
1921 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Narumi, ex-Italian gunboat Ermanno Carlotto |
| Siang Ning |
1927 |
1945 |
Salvaged by Japanese, ex-Italian gunboat Lepanto |
| Wu Feng |
1909 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Maiko, ex-Portuguese gunboat Macau (sometimes Wu Fang) |
| Li Sui |
1903 |
1914 |
Ex-German gunboat Vaterland |
| Li Chieh (sometimes Li Chien) |
1909 |
1914 |
Ex-German gunboat Otter |
| Chang Chi |
1940 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Hashidate |
| Kiang Si |
1939 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Sumida |
| Nan Chang |
1939 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Fushimi (sometimes Husumi) |
| Yang Chi (sometimes Yung Chi) |
1911 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Toba |
| An Tung |
1922 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Ataka |
| Chang Teh |
1923 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Seta |
| Yung Ping (sometimes Yung Pen) |
1929 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Atami (conflicting reports she was ex-Japanese gunboat
Futami) |
| Yung An |
1929 |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Futami (conflicting reports she was ex-Japanese gunboat
Atami) |
| Yung Chi |
? |
1945 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Asuga, ex-Chinese gunboat Yung Chi |
| Yat Sen |
? |
1946 |
Ex-Japanese gunboat Atada, ex-Chinese gunboat Yat Sen |
| NOTE: The primary purpose of this site is to discuss river gunboat service
in China. A problem exists as it is rather difficult to define what constitutes
a river gunboat, especially when it comes to China. Depending on the time
of year, a 10,000 ton cruiser could sail hundreds of miles up the Yangtze
to Hankow with little difficulty. The river gunboats discussed above consist
of vessels that were designed for actual inland waterway service, despite
the fact they may have had some ability to provide coastal defense. River
gunboats were generally not designed to take to the open sea as their low
drafts made them unstable. I believe that HMS Woodlark and HMS Woodcock
were the first gunboats to make it past the rapids and gorges to Chungking,
but they only had a 2 foot draft (it is my understanding that both vessels
then went on as far as Iping and, later, that a few gunboats actullay made
it all the way to Chungtu (sometimes Chungdu). HMS Kinsha, with a seven
foot draft, made it to Chungking shortly thereafter and I have doubts that
she ever went to Chungking unless the Yangtze was at high water. The cut-off
limit on upper Yangtze service was about 7-8 feet for gunboats, and those
vessels could probably only safely navigate the upper river during high
water. The defining factor of a river gunboat is therefore whether she
was able to manage upper river service, despite the fact that she may have
only been able to so for several months out of the year. |
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